Mai karatu wannan shi ne filin Ilimi Kogi da Ustaz Yusuf Ali ya yi ranar 17 ga Agustan 2002.

Tambaya ta 6

TAMBAYA: Sani Babaje ke magana. Malam ina da tambaya, a, kasancewar zamani yanzu, kusan Allah Ya sa ilimi ya yi yawa, wasu abubuwa duk da haka suke iya ilimi na da yanzu sun canza, wato kuma yanzu akan yo musaya, ko kuma aro daga sauran mazhabobi a yi amfani da su. Alal misali da kamar yadda muka sani, idan mutum yana bin mai Liman salla, in Azahar yake yi, liman ma Azahar yake yi, haka Magariba da sauransu, in kuma nafila yake to shi ma nafila yake. To amma yanzu, kusan abin ya ragu ba haka ba, sai ya zamana za ka ga wasu mutanen ka aje mutum ma ko kara'i yake ma, wannan kuma ba kara'i yake ba, ko kuma wani mutum ya samu salla da liman, ya samu kamar raka'a biyu, yana cikin cike tasa biyun, sai wani kuma ya zo ya damfara da shi, shi ma ya jona, ko kuma kamar zai sallar farilla, bai samu jam'i ba, sai wani ya zo ya yi nafila raka'a biyu, sai shi ma ya yi, duk wadannan abubuwa ga wanda bai sani ba zai ga kamar wasu abubuwa daban, amma ga mai hankali, ya san cewa da wuya a ce mutum ya yi wannan ba tare da hujja ba. Shi ne nake so ko Malam zai yi bayanin hujjoji na yin wadannan abubuwa.

DAKTA YUSUF ALI: To abin da zan fada da farko shi ne, ya kamata mutane su sani cewa, lokacin Manzon Allah (S), al-kitabu wassunna, shi kansa Manzon Allah da Alkur'ani, shi ne kawai marji'i na shari'a, kuma bayan Manzon Allah (S) sahabbai babu abin da suke shiryarwa sai da Alkitabu wassunna, haka nan da tabi'ai. To amma kuma kowanne daga cikin sahabbai ko tabi'ai, idan wata matsala ta sauko, wanda ba su samu a Alkur'anin ba, ko hadisin ba, to kuma sukan tara jama'a a yi tunanin yadda za a samo wa wannan abu hukunci gwargwadon yadda dai wato ka'idar Musulunci take. To ana nan har lokacin kuma da Allah Ya kawo irin su Al-Imamu Abu Hanifa, Imamu Malik, Imamu shafi'i, Imamu Ahmad bin Hambal, Safiyanus Sauri da irin su Ibrahim Naka'i da irinsu-irinsu. Saboda haka su sai ya kasance suna da almajirai masu kokari wajen binciken samowa abubuwan da suka jibinci hukunce-hukunce. To sai guda hudu daga cikinsu suka yi sa'ar almajirai masu kwazo, suka yada wadannan ra'ayuka nasu. Shi ne ake cewa wato, "mazhaba."

To, kuma mazhabobin nan, malamai a wancan zamanin suka yi ittifakin cewa lallai ayyukan da suka yi sun yi aiki, kuma bai saba wa Musulunci ba. A kowane daya daga cikinsu ya yi don Allah da amana, kuma Allah yake nufi. Kuma kowane daya daga cikinsu, iyakacin abin da tunaninsa da bincikensa ya kai masa na ya aje wa abu hukunci, to sai da ya ce fa amma in aka samu wani hukuncin da ya fi nawa inganci, ya fi kusa da shari'a, to a jefar da nawa, a yi aiki da wannan. Ko wadanne in ka ga sun fadi ra'ayi, to ba su samu nassin Alkur'ani bane ko na hadisi, shi ne za su fadi ra'ayinsu.

Kuma ba a samu ba a cikin Littafin Allah - Alkur'ani, ko a wani hadisi ne na Manzon Allah (S), ko fadar wani Malami daga cikin wadannan malamai mujtahidai, wanda ya ce a'a wadannan ra'ayuka na mutum daya za a bi, ko kuma a'a, na guda hudun nan su kadai za a bi, in ba su ka bi ba, to ba ka yi addini ba. Abin da suke tabbatarwa, wato kowace mazhaba ka bi, insha Allahu za ka yi addini kuma addininka ya zama ingantacce, matukar cewa kai ba ka kai matsayin mujtahidi ba. Mujtahidi shi ne wanda zai duba Kur'ani da hadisi ya fitar da hukunci da kansa. In ba ka kai wannan ba, sai ka yi taklidi da kowace daya daga wannan mazhaba. Kuma ba lallai ne a ce dole ka zauna ciki ba, kana iya canzawa duk sad da ka ga dama, ko ka fice gaba daya ko kuma ka shiga ka dauko wani abu, wanda ba ka samu a wannan mazhabar da kake yi wa taklidi ba. Saboda haka ne, aka samu kamar wannan mas'ala da kake fada, cewa babu shakka in ka dubi mazhabar Malikiyya, maganar cewa ka yi salla bayan kai kana farilla, wani yana nafila, ko kuma wannan yana Azahar ka zo ka bi shi La'asar, ko kuma a'a bayan Liman wani abu ya same shi ya jawo wani ma su cika, da sauransu.

To ka ga duk wadannan ra'ayi wanda yake mafi mahimmancin shahara a mazhabar Malikiyya, duk wannan wanda ya yi sallarsa, irin wannan to ta baci. To amma in ka koma sauran mazhabobi kamar na Ahmad bini Hambal da kuma saura, sai aka ce duk irin wannan ya hallata, matukar cewa niyya. In dai wato sallar ta zama daya, to don niyya ta sha bamban, to ba komai. Wanda yake sallar Azahar, wato zai iya bin La'asar. Wanda yake nafila, kamar mutum ana sallar Asham ne, misali, to wani bai yi sallar Isha ba, to ya zo yana iya yin raka'a hudu tare da Liman, shi kenan. Sai dai idan ya yi sallama ba zai yi sallama ba. In da wannan niyya za ka bi, shi kenan. Suna kafa hujjoji da irin wannan.

Annabi (S) bayan an yi salla, a masallaci an idar da salla, sai ga wani sahabi ya shigo ya makara, bai zo ya samu salla ba. Sai Manzon Allah ya ce, "Man yatadawwa'u lihaza?" "Waye zai wa wannan wato sadaka, ko nafila?" Wato ya taimake shi su yi jam'i. Mutum daya ne ya zo ya yi salla, to sai Manzon Allah ya ce, "wa zai taimaka wa wannan?" To sai wani daga cikin masallata, sun gama salla sai ya tashi ya zo suka yi salla tare. Ba kuma an bayyana waye ya yi wa wani limanci a cikinsu ba. Saboda haka wannan ya nuna cewa ashe ya halatta, mai salla farilla, wato ya yi koyi da mai nafila. An yi wannan a gaban Manzon Allah (S).

Kuma wata hujja mai karfi ita ce lokacin da Sayyidina Ma'azu bini Jabal ya kasance yana zuwa wajen Manzon Allah (S) tun safe, su yi sallar Asuba, Mariba, su yi komai da komai, ko kuma yana zuwa a yi sallolin, to amma idan ya zo sallar Isha, kuma sai ya dade bai koma da wuri ba, kuma idan ya koma can unguwarsu ana jiran sa fa, su ba su yi sallar Ishar ba. Shi ya yi sallar Isha da Manzon Allah (S), unguwarsu can ana jiran sa a masallacin unguwarsu, ya zo a yi sallar Isha. To saboda haka abin ma da ya taso har aka zo aka sani, dadewa yake wajen Manzon Allah (S), kuma idan ya zo zai masu sallar nan sai ya ja doguwar sura. Ana haka abin dai bai bayyana ba har sai da wani mutum ya zo yana gaggawa zai tafi wani guri nasa, sai ya zo ya bi sallar, sai ya ga dai wato abin da dai ba na kare ba, to sai ya yanke ya yi sallarsa a waje daya. To sai mutane suka ce to wannan ya zama munafuki ne kenan. Aka kai karar sa wajen Manzon Allah (S). Sai Manzon Allah ya ce, "to kai meye sa ka yi wannan? Ya ce, "zai zo ya zauna gurinka, can muna ta jiran sa, wasu suna gyangyadi, an gaji, kuma idan ya zo a maimakon ya karanta surori gajeru," to shi kenan, me ka karanta? Ya ce, "to ai ni dai na karanta fatiha, sai na gungunta yadda na ji kana yi, kamar subhanalLahi walhamdu lilLahi wala ilaha ilLahu. Ya ce, ai to shi kenan mu ma din shi muke fada ai, saboda haka, "'kai' afatan anta yabnu Jabal?" Wato kai mai fitintar mutane ne? Don me ba za ka rika karanta masu irin su Sabbi, irin su Walfajr, irin su Wassama'i waddarik, irin su haka dai 'yan gajajjeru ba? To daga yau kar ka kara, ka rika karanta masu, gajerun surori," To nan muhallisshahidu a nan shi ne Sayyidina Mu'azu bin Jabal. Ka ga an koyi fa'idoji da yawa a cikin wannan hadisin. Ma'azu Jabal ya kasance yana yin ne sallar ne nafila, kuma shi ne Liman, amma duk mutanen unguwarsa mamu dinsa, su kuma suna yin ta ne a farilla. Ka ji ta nan aka samu wannan. Saboda da haka ni abin da nake gani shi ne addinin Musulunci, dinilLahi yusurun, kar mutum kar a rika gallaza wa mutane a abin da ya kasance ba addini bane. Idan an ga mutum yana bin wata mazhaba, sai a ce a'a mu nan sai mazhaba kaza, babu wanda ya taba cewa da su. Sai dai kawai abin da aka hana shi ne "tattabu'ur rukhusi." Mutum wato ya rika bibiyan sauki-sauki. In ya ji sauki a wannan mazhaba ya dauko, in ya ji sauki wannan mazhaba ya dauko.

Kai wadansu malaman da dama sun ce hakan ma bai haramta ba, sai dai idan ya kasance saukin da zai dauko din, idan ya hada, to zai tashi kuma babu shi a dukkan mazhaba, Musulunci bai goyi bayan wannan ba, kamar yadda ya dauki cewa Imamu Malik ya ce, "ba lallai ne aure a yi shi da shedu ba," alal misali. Sai kuma maganar Abu Hanifa, ai mace za ta iya aurarwa da kan, duk dai ya dauko wadannan abubuwa ya hada, in ya hada sai ya ga cewa ba aure aka hada ba, zina kawai aka hada, to wannan "tattabu'ur rukhusi," irin wannan, idan aka hada zai ware manufar Musulunci, to wannan shi ne aka hana. Amma don mutum ya ji dan sauki a can ya koma, ko kuma a'a gaba daya ma ya bar mazhabar ya koma wata, wannan ai ana iya duba littafin Imamu Ash'arani, ko kuma ga littafai na Shehu Usman Danfodiyo, irin su Tanwihil Umma, duk za ka samu wadannan hukunce-hukunce na mutum ya bar wannan mazhaba ya koma wancan. In ka dauko littafin Imamus Sha'arani za ka ga inda zai kawo maka fasali guda wanda yake, Malam wane da dan mazhabar Malikiya ne, amma Imamus Shafi'i da ya zo masa sai bar wannan ya koma mazhabar. Wannan ma dan Hanafiyya ne da Imamus Shafi'i ya zo. Haka dai za ka yi ta gani wannan ya tashi daga wannan mazhaba ya koma wancan, wannan ya koma wancan. To saboda haka ya kamata a gane in mutum ya ce yana bin mazhaba, kar ka kyare shi, wannan shi ne addinin Musulunci. Wanda zai ce mazhaba daya kawai za ka bi, to ka ga kenan ya haramta maka falala da fa'idoji na addu'o'i na salloli ne na wani jalabi ne, ko dafa'i, wadanda wadancan mazhabobi guda uku, su sun yarda akwai hadisai ingantattu gurinsu. Ka ga wato ya haramta maka samun wannan falala kenan.

Komawa babban shafinmu                   Komawa saman wannan shafin